Interphase
- G phase. During G phase, also called the first gap phase, the cell grows physically larger, copies organelles, and makes the molecular building blocks it will need in later steps.
- S phase. In S phase, the cell synthesizes a complete copy of the DNA in its nucleus. It also duplicates a microtubule-organizing structure called the centrosome. The centrosomes help separate DNA during M phase.
- G phase. During the second gap phase, or G phase, the cell grows more, makes proteins and organelles, and begins to reorganize its contents in preparation for mitosis. G phase ends when mitosis begins.
CELL COMPONENT
|
DESCRIPTION/
STRUCTURE
|
FUNCTION(S)
|
CELL MEMBRANE
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Bilayer of phospholipids with proteins dispersed throughout
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cell boundary; selectively permeable (i.e. controls what enters and leaves the cell; membrane transport)
|
CYTOPLASM
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jelly-like fluid (70% water)
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suspends organelles in cell
|
RIBOSOMES
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RNA & protein; dispersed throughout cytoplasm or studded on ER
|
protein synthesis
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ROUGH ER
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Membranous network studded with ribosomes
|
protein synthesis
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SMOOTH ER
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Membranous network lacking ribosomes
|
lipid & cholesterol synthesis
|
GOLGI
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“Stack of Pancakes”; cisternae
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modification, transport, and packaging of proteins
|
VESICLE
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Cylindrical membrane sacs
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Storage and transport
|
MITOCHONDRIA
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Kidney shaped organelles whose inner membrane is folded into “cristae”.
|
Site of Cellular Respiration; “Powerhouse”
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LYSOSOMES
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Membranous sac of digestive enzymes
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destruction of worn cell parts (autolysis) and foreign particles
|
PEROXISOMES
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Membranous sacs filled with oxidase enzymes (catalase)
|
detoxification of harmful substances (i.e. ethanol, drugs, etc.)
|
CENTROSOMES
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paired cylinders of microtubules at right angles near nucleus
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aid in chromosome movement during mitosis
|
CILIA
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short, eyelash extensions;
human trachea & fallopian tube
|
to allow for passage of substances through passageways
|
FLAGELLA
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long, tail-like extension; human sperm
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locomotion
|
MICROVILLI
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microscopic ruffling of cell membrane
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increase surface area
|
CYTOSKELETON
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Protein strands that makeup cellular frame
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Provide shape of cell, locomotion
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OTHER STRUCTURES
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Accumulations of substances
|
storage
|
NUCLEUS
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Central control center of cell; bound by lipid bilayer membrane; contains chromatin (loosely coiled DNA and proteins)
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controls all cellular activity by directing protein synthesis (i.e. instructing the cell what proteins/enzymes to make).
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NUCLEOLUS
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dense spherical body(ies) within nucleus; RNA & protein
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Ribosome synthesis
|
CHROMATIN
|
DNA wrapped in protein forming nucleosomes
|
Protection of genetic material
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Visually I'm taking influence from abstract visualizations and fractal geometrical patterns and movements, a clean matted sci-fi aesthetic with factory like mechanical structures, and also abstract music videos.


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